Orange Benefits: 7 Major Health Miracles to Unlock Your Vibrant Life!

Article Introduction

You might think orange health benefits are just a regular fruit without much health value.

But in fact, oranges hide five unknown health miracles that have a profound impact on your health.

Next, we will explore “Orange Benefits” together and learn how oranges can become your right-hand man for a healthy life!

Health Benefits of Oranges: Improves Digestion

Many people believe that improving digestion can only be achieved by taking medicine, but this is actually a misunderstanding.

Natural Sources of Citric Acid · Lemons · Limes · Oranges · Grapefruits · Berries (except blueberries) · Pineapples^【1】.

citric acid can increase the number of beneficial gut microbes, including bifidobacteria and lactobacilli.

It also promotes the expression of important protein genes (such as occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1), which play a key role in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal tight junction barrier^【2】.

Studies have shown that eating oranges every day for two weeks can increase the proportion of beneficial intestinal bacteria from 15% to 22%.

How do oranges improve human digestion and enhance digestive function?

benefits of orange:Promote intestinal peristalsis

Oranges are rich in dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble) and pectin, which effectively prevent constipation by increasing stool bulk, softening stool and stimulating intestinal peristalsis^【3】.

Every 100 grams of oranges contains about 2.4 grams of dietary fiber^【4】, of which soluble fiber (such as pectin) absorbs water and swells to form a gel, increasing the volume of stool; insoluble fiber directly stimulates the intestinal wall and accelerates intestinal peristalsis.

Pectin can absorb water, soften stool, promote intestinal fluid secretion, and improve the intestinal environment^【5】.

Generally, at least 2 daily whole fruit servings, especially fruits with ≥2.5 g fiber/serving are required to stimulate significant colonic prebiotic activity^【6】.

Eating 1-2 oranges a day can supplement about 5 grams of dietary fiber, which is equivalent to 20% of the daily requirement for adults.

Other foods also contain dietary fiber, such as grains, vegetables, etc. We have also made statements and conclusions in the corresponding articles.

For more articles, please click on our blog to view.

In addition to promoting intestinal motility, oranges also have a significant effect on regulating human intestinal flora.

benefits of orange:Regulate intestinal flora

Polyphenols are described as secondary metabolites of plants, commonly found in cereals, fruits, vegetables, wine, coffee, tea, and many other derived foods. They can affect the regulation of intestinal flora and thus improve the quality of life^【7】.

Citrus polyphenols can enhance the prebiotic effect of dietary fiber, promote the metabolism of beneficial bacteria to produce short-chain fatty acids (such as butyric acid), lower intestinal pH, and inhibit the growth of putrefactive bacteria.

Probiotics play a significant role in regulating the gut microbiota, boosting overall immunity, increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria^【8】.

Ingredients such as oligofructose and citrus polyphenols in oranges can act as prebiotics, promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria, improving the balance of intestinal flora, and thus enhancing digestive function^【9】.

The oligofructose in oranges is a preferred proliferation factor for bifidobacteria. Eating oranges every day for two weeks can increase the proportion of beneficial intestinal bacteria from 15% to 22% (Br J Nutr, 2010).

benefits of orange:Accelerates the decomposition and digestion of food

Every 100 grams of oranges contains about 1.2 grams of citric acid, which can lower the pH value in the stomach, activate pepsinogen, enhance the activity of pepsin, and help break down protein^【10】.

The organic acids such as citric acid and malic acid in oranges can stimulate the gastric parietal cells to secrete gastric acid, enhance the activity of pepsin, and promote the decomposition and digestion of protein foods^【11】.

Health Benefits of Oranges: Protect Cardiovascular Health

Did you know that cardiovascular disease has become the number one killer threatening human health, with millions of people dying from cardiovascular disease every year?

According to statistics, there are more than 300 million patients with cardiovascular diseases worldwide , and the incidence rate is still increasing year by year.

In our daily diet, there is a common fruit – orange, which is actually a natural guardian of cardiovascular health.

It can effectively lower blood lipids, enhance vascular elasticity, and maintain heart function and blood pressure stability.

benefits of orange:Effectively lower blood lipids

The pectin and soluble cellulose in oranges can bind bile acids, reduce the enterohepatic circulation of cholesterol, and promote the excretion of cholesterol and triglycerides, thereby lowering blood lipid levels^【12】.

Pectin is a soluble dietary fiber that forms a viscous substance in the intestines, binds bile acid (a metabolite of cholesterol), reduces its reabsorption, and forces the liver to use cholesterol in the blood to synthesize new bile acid, thereby lowering serum cholesterol levels^【13】.

The insoluble cellulose in oranges can increase stool volume, promote the excretion of lipids, and reduce their residence time in the intestines.

benefits of orange:Enhance blood vessel elasticity

Flavonoids such as hesperidin in oranges can improve vascular endothelial function, enhance the integrity of vascular walls, reduce vascular fragility, and enhance vascular elasticity^【14】.

Hesperidin is a citrus-specific flavonoid that promotes the production of nitric oxide (NO), a powerful vasodilator that relaxes vascular smooth muscle, lowers blood pressure, and increases the flexibility of blood vessel walls.

Hesperidin can also reduce the damage of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to vascular endothelial cells and prevent the occurrence of atherosclerosis^【15】.

benefits of orange:Maintain stable heart function and blood pressure

Potassium helps maintain normal heart function and blood pressure levels, and provides a good physiological environment for the immune system^【16】.

Potassium is an important participant in the action potential of myocardial cells. Adequate potassium intake can maintain the normal rhythm of myocardial cells and prevent arrhythmias. In addition, potassium can reduce blood pressure by promoting sodium excretion and reducing extracellular fluid volume.

The potassium in oranges helps regulate the balance of electrolytes inside and outside cells^【17】, maintain the normal excitability and contractile function of myocardial cells, and at the same time promotes sodium excretion through the sodium-potassium pump and lowers blood pressure.

Health Benefits of Oranges: Prevent Eye Diseases

90% of people don’t know: The root cause of blue light damage is oxidative stress (pain point extension).
The beta-carotene + hesperidin in oranges may be your “eye savior”

Is lutein the only way to protect your eyes? The truth is: oranges are the ‘invisible eye protector’!

benefits of orange:Reduces oxidative stress damage to eye tissues

The retina is one of the most metabolically active tissues in the human body and is particularly sensitive to oxidative stress^【18】.

Antioxidant ingredients can delay the aging of retinal cells and reduce the risk of vision loss caused by oxidative damage.

Vitamin C, flavonoids (such as hesperidin) and beta-carotene (a precursor of vitamin A) in oranges are powerful antioxidants^【19】 that can directly neutralize free radicals or indirectly reduce oxidative damage by activating antioxidant enzymes in the body (such as superoxide dismutase).

benefits of orange:Preventing eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration

AMD is one of the main causes of blindness in the elderly and is closely related to oxidative damage and inflammatory response of photoreceptor cells in the macula of the retina.

Although oranges are not the main source of lutein (spinach and kale contain higher amounts), vitamin C and flavonoids can enhance the absorption and stability of lutein, thereby indirectly protecting the macular area^【20】.

Flavonoids such as hesperidin can improve retinal microcirculation and inhibit the overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), thereby reducing the risk of neovascularization in AMD^【21】.

Health Benefits of Oranges: Reduces Inflammation and Pain

Many people think that only drugs can reduce inflammation and pain, but did you know that oranges also have such magical effects?

The flavonoids in oranges can inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators, reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and also have antioxidant effects to reduce oxidative stress damage.

How does this small orange do all this?

benefits of eating oranges：Anti-inflammatory Effects

Flavonoids such as naringenin and hesperidin in oranges have significant anti-inflammatory activity, can inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators, reduce inflammatory responses and pain, and have an auxiliary alleviating effect on a variety of inflammatory diseases^【22】.

Flavonoids (such as naringenin) can inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway and reduce the production of proinflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-α and IL-6), thereby reducing the intensity of the inflammatory response^【23】.

The antioxidant properties of flavonoids can reduce oxidative stress damage to tissues and indirectly inhibit the occurrence and development of inflammation.

benefits of eating oranges：Treats Mouth Ulcers

The vitamin C in oranges can promote collagen synthesis and accelerate the healing of oral ulcers. At the same time, its acidic components may help relieve ulcer symptoms by inhibiting the growth of pathogens^【24】.

Vitamin C is an essential cofactor for collagen synthesis. Adequate vitamin C can accelerate epithelial cell proliferation and matrix repair on the ulcer surface.

Vitamin C can enhance the phagocytic function of neutrophils, reduce the risk of oral infection, and indirectly promote ulcer healing.

Oranges can be consumed together with foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids (such as deep-sea fish and flax seeds) to enhance the anti-inflammatory effect^【25】.

Health Benefits of Oranges: Preventing Iron Deficiency Anemia

Many people think that preventing iron deficiency anemia requires taking various expensive supplements. Is this really the case?

In fact, oranges, which are common in our daily lives, are as effective as supplements in preventing iron deficiency anemia.

Spending money on supplements but not getting the results you want;

However, some people eat an orange every day and their anemia condition is significantly improved.

So, how do oranges prevent iron deficiency anemia? what are the Health Benefits of Oranges？

benefits of orange：Strong reducing agent

The iron in plant-based foods (such as spinach and red dates) or animal offal mostly exists in the form of trivalent iron, but the absorption rate of Fe³⁺ by the human intestine is less than 5%, just like an “iron general” closing the door and allowing nutrients to be lost.

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) acts as a strong reducing agent, converting Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺^【26】.

The affinity of divalent iron to intestinal transport proteins is increased by more than 10 times, and the absorption rate soars to 20%-30%, making it easier to be absorbed by the intestines.

benefits of orange：Auxiliary effect

The vitamin C in oranges can promote the absorption of iron and help prevent iron deficiency anemia^【27】.

Iron is an important element for making hemoglobin. Vitamin C can convert non-heme iron into a form that is more easily absorbed, thus improving the utilization of iron. The folic acid it contains can assist in the production of red blood cells, and the dual mechanism improves the symptoms of anemia.

Health Benefits of Oranges: Beauty and Skin Care

stare at the computer and phone every day, and my skin becomes dull and lifeless, with pimples popping up from time to time.

have tried a lot of skin care products, but the results are not satisfactory.

Maybe you haven’t discovered the benefits of oranges.

According to a survey, more than 70% of women face the problem of dull skin and acne.

In fact, there is a natural beauty and skin care treasure around us. Oranges are rich in many ingredients that are beneficial to the skin.

They can help you easily solve these skin problems and make your skin glow.

Orange Benefits：Antioxidant effects of vitamin C

Orange Benefits are rich in vitamin C, a powerful antioxidant that helps reduce the production of free radicals^【28】.

Free radicals are an important factor that causes cell damage and aging. Vitamin C delays skin aging by neutralizing free radicals, reducing oxidative damage to cells, maintaining normal cell function, and reducing the damage caused by free radicals .

Orange Benefits：Reduces Inflammatory Response

The various antioxidants and plant compounds in oranges have anti-inflammatory effects and can reduce the body’s inflammatory response^【29】.

Inflammation is an important mechanism for the immune system to fight infection, but excessive inflammatory response can also cause damage to the body.

By reducing inflammation, the possibility of skin inflammation and infection is reduced.

These ingredients in oranges help regulate the inflammatory response and keep it at an appropriate level, thereby reducing skin damage .

Orange Benefits：Accelerates Wound Healing

Vitamin C can promote the production and function of white blood cells and enhance the activity of immune cells^【30】.

White blood cells are an important part of the immune system and are responsible for recognizing and attacking pathogens.

Vitamin C in oranges can accelerate skin wound healing by promoting collagen synthesis and enhancing white blood cell activity, while also improving the body’s defense against pathogens and reducing the risk of infection^【31】.

Health Benefits of Oranges: Boost Immunity

Many people think that improving immunity requires expensive health supplements. In fact, there is a common fruit that can play a big role.

According to statistics, during the peak influenza season, people with low immunity are 60% more likely to get sick than ordinary people.

Some people insist on eating one kind of fruit, and their health becomes better and better.

What exactly is this magical fruit? It is the orange, so how does the orange boost immunity?

Orange Benefits：Promotes white blood cell production and activity

The vitamin C in oranges stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of neutrophils and lymphocytes, thereby enhancing their phagocytic function and antibody production capabilities, and improving the immune system’s efficiency in identifying and eliminating pathogens.

Orange Benefits：Vitamin C can promote the maturation and release of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the bone marrow and increase the number of peripheral blood white blood cells^【32】.

Orange Benefits：Vitamin C can enhance the chemotaxis and phagocytic ability of neutrophils, making them more effective in clearing pathogens^【33】.

Orange Benefits：Vitamin C participates in the activation process of T cells and B cells, promotes the synthesis of antibodies (such as IgG, IgM), and enhances humoral immunity^【34】.

Orange Benefits：Reduced risk of infection

The vitamin C in oranges reduces the risk of infection and accelerates wound healing by strengthening the skin and mucous membrane barrier function, promoting collagen synthesis and activating immune cells^【35】.

Orange Benefits：Vitamin C is an essential cofactor for collagen synthesis. Adequate vitamin C can maintain the integrity of the skin and mucous membranes and prevent the invasion of pathogens.

Orange Benefits：Vitamin C enhances the activity of natural killer cells (NK cells), which are the immune system’s first line of defense against viral infections.

Orange Benefits：Vitamin C accelerates wound healing by promoting collagen cross-linking. Animal experiments have shown that the wound healing speed of vitamin C-deficient animals is 40% slower than that of normal animals (Br J Surg, 1997).

Orange Benefits：Synergy of the body

Vitamin A, B vitamins, potassium, lutein and other nutrients in oranges work synergistically to enhance the overall function of the immune system. For example, vitamin A maintains the integrity of the mucosal barrier, B vitamins participate in energy metabolism and immune cell function regulation, potassium maintains electrolyte balance, and lutein has an antioxidant effect.

Vitamin A (β-carotene is a precursor of vitamin A) can maintain the integrity of the respiratory, digestive and urinary tract mucosa and prevent the invasion of pathogens^【36】.

Vitamins B6, B9 (folic acid) and B12 are involved in DNA synthesis and immune cell proliferation. A deficiency of these vitamins can lead to a decrease in the number and function of lymphocytes.

Potassium supports the normal function of myocardial and skeletal muscles by maintaining electrolyte balance inside and outside cells, and indirectly provides a stable physiological environment for the immune system.

Lutein is a carotenoid that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and can reduce oxidative stress damage to immune cells.

Summary of Orange Benefits

As a nutritious fruit, orange plays a significant role in improving human digestion, protecting cardiovascular health, preventing eye diseases, reducing inflammation and pain, preventing iron deficiency anemia, beautifying skin, and enhancing immunity.

Therefore, we should include oranges in our daily diet to enjoy the health benefits they bring.

Start your journey to Orange Benefits!

Take action and bring health closer to you !

• One orange a day : Eat an orange every day to inject vitality and natural nutrition into your body.
• Share health knowledge : Please forward this orange health joy to your social media to let more people know about the amazing health benefits of oranges.
• Leave a message to interact : Share your experience of eating oranges in the comment section, or put forward your unique insights and questions about healthy eating.
• Subscribe for updates : Follow us to get more exciting content about Orange and healthy living. Grab the latest health products, enjoy health discounts, and move towards a healthier and better future together!

Don’t wait, take action now, order our healthy orange products, and start your exclusive journey of health and vitality! Let every orange become a shining star on your road to health, illuminate your way forward, and welcome a brighter tomorrow together!

Related references：

【1】《What Is Citric Acid?》

【2】Hu P, Yuan M, Guo B, Lin J, Yan S, Huang H, Chen JL, Wang S, Ma Y. Citric Acid Promotes Immune Function by Modulating the Intestinal Barrier. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jan 19;25(2):1239. doi: 10.3390/ijms25021239. PMID: 38279237; PMCID: PMC10817003.

【3】Dhingra D, Michael M, Rajput H, Patil RT. Dietary fibre in foods: a review. J Food Sci Technol. 2012 Jun;49(3):255-66. doi: 10.1007/s13197-011-0365-5. Epub 2011 Apr 12. PMID: 23729846; PMCID: PMC3614039.

【4】Dreher ML. Whole Fruits and Fruit Fiber Emerging Health Effects. Nutrients. 2018 Nov 28;10(12):1833. doi: 10.3390/nu10121833. PMID: 30487459; PMCID: PMC6315720.

【5】Cummings JH, Southgate DA, Branch WJ, Wiggins HS, Houston H, Jenkins DJ, Jivraj T, Hill MJ. The digestion of pectin in the human gut and its effect on calcium absorption and large bowel function. Br J Nutr. 1979 May;41(3):477-85. doi: 10.1079/bjn19790062. PMID: 37887.

【6】Dreher ML. Whole Fruits and Fruit Fiber Emerging Health Effects. Nutrients. 2018 Nov 28;10(12):1833. doi: 10.3390/nu10121833. PMID: 30487459; PMCID: PMC6315720.

【7】Plamada D, Vodnar DC. Polyphenols-Gut Microbiota Interrelationship: A Transition to a New Generation of Prebiotics. Nutrients. 2021 Dec 28;14(1):137. doi: 10.3390/nu14010137. PMID: 35011012; PMCID: PMC8747136.

【8】《Effects of Probiotics on Gut Microbiota: An Overview》

【9】Plamada D, Vodnar DC. Polyphenols-Gut Microbiota Interrelationship: A Transition to a New Generation of Prebiotics. Nutrients. 2021 Dec 28;14(1):137. doi: 10.3390/nu14010137. PMID: 35011012; PMCID: PMC8747136.

【10】《Everything You Need to Know About Citric Acid》

【11】0267-1379
2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

【12】Amini MR, Sheikhhossein F, Bazshahi E, Rahimi H, Ghalandari H, Ghaedi E, Askarpour M. Orange juice intake and lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Nutr Sci. 2023 Mar 17;12:e37. doi: 10.1017/jns.2023.22. PMID: 37008412; PMCID: PMC10052563.

【13】Baig MM, Cerda JJ. Pectin: its interaction with serum lipoproteins. Am J Clin Nutr. 1981 Jan;34(1):50-3. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/34.1.50. PMID: 7446458.

【14】Morand C, Dubray C, Milenkovic D, Lioger D, Martin JF, Scalbert A, Mazur A. Hesperidin contributes to the vascular protective effects of orange juice: a randomized crossover study in healthy volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Jan;93(1):73-80. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.004945. Epub 2010 Nov 10. PMID: 21068346.

【15】《The effect of diosmin-hesperidin combination treatment on the lipid profile and oxidative-antioxidative system in high-cholesterol diet-fed rats》

【16】《Strengthening Knowledge and Understanding of Dietary Supplements》

【17】Open Resources for Nursing (Open RN); Ernstmeyer K, Christman E, editors. Nursing Fundamentals [Internet]. Eau Claire (WI): Chippewa Valley Technical College; 2021. Chapter 15 Fluids and Electrolytes. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK591820/

【18】Wang J, Li M, Geng Z, Khattak S, Ji X, Wu D, Dang Y. Role of Oxidative Stress in Retinal Disease and the Early Intervention Strategies: A Review. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Oct 14;2022:7836828. doi: 10.1155/2022/7836828. PMID: 36275903; PMCID: PMC9586758.

【19】Franke AA, Cooney RV, Henning SM, Custer LJ. Bioavailability and antioxidant effects of orange juice components in humans. J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Jun 29;53(13):5170-8. doi: 10.1021/jf050054y. PMID: 15969493; PMCID: PMC2533031.

【20】Abdel-Aal el-SM, Akhtar H, Zaheer K, Ali R. Dietary sources of lutein and zeaxanthin carotenoids and their role in eye health. Nutrients. 2013 Apr 9;5(4):1169-85. doi: 10.3390/nu5041169. PMID: 23571649; PMCID: PMC3705341.

【21】Haddadi G, Abbaszadeh A, Mosleh-Shirazi MA, Okhovat MA, Salajeghe A, Ghorbani Z. Evaluation of the effect of hesperidin on vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression in rat skin animal models following cobalt-60 gamma irradiation. J Cancer Res Ther. 2018 Dec;14(Supplement):S1098-S1104. doi: 10.4103/0973-1482.202892. PMID: 30539852.

【22】Panche AN, Diwan AD, Chandra SR. Flavonoids: an overview. J Nutr Sci. 2016 Dec 29;5:e47. doi: 10.1017/jns.2016.41. Erratum in: J Nutr Sci. 2025 Jan 29;14:e11. doi: 10.1017/jns.2024.73. PMID: 28620474; PMCID: PMC5465813.

【23】Ji Cai, Hongli Wen, He Zhou, Dan Zhang, Dongfeng Lan, Songpo Liu, Chunyang Li, Xiaofang Dai, Tao Song, Xianyao Wang, Yuqi He, Zhixu He, Jun Tan, Jidong Zhang,Naringenin: A flavanone with anti-inflammatory and anti-infective properties,Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,Volume 164,2023,114990,
ISSN 0753-3322,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114990.

【24】Aditi A, Graham DY. Vitamin C, gastritis, and gastric disease: a historical review and update. Dig Dis Sci. 2012 Oct;57(10):2504-15. doi: 10.1007/s10620-012-2203-7. Epub 2012 Apr 28. PMID: 22543844; PMCID: PMC3874117.

【25】Rodriguez-Leyva D, Dupasquier CM, McCullough R, Pierce GN. The cardiovascular effects of flaxseed and its omega-3 fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid. Can J Cardiol. 2010 Nov;26(9):489-96. doi: 10.1016/s0828-282x(10)70455-4. PMID: 21076723; PMCID: PMC2989356.

【26】《Using Vitamin C with Iron: Enhancing Absorption and Other Benefits》

【27】Skolmowska D, Głąbska D. Effectiveness of Dietary Intervention with Iron and Vitamin C Administered Separately in Improving Iron Status in Young Women. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Sep 20;19(19):11877. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191911877. PMID: 36231177; PMCID: PMC9564482.

【28】Franke AA, Cooney RV, Henning SM, Custer LJ. Bioavailability and antioxidant effects of orange juice components in humans. J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Jun 29;53(13):5170-8. doi: 10.1021/jf050054y. PMID: 15969493; PMCID: PMC2533031.

【29】Cara KC, Beauchesne AR, Wallace TC, Chung M. Effects of 100% Orange Juice on Markers of Inflammation and Oxidation in Healthy and At-Risk Adult Populations: A Scoping Review, Systematic Review, and Meta-analysis. Adv Nutr. 2022 Feb 1;13(1):116-137. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmab101. PMID: 34634114; PMCID: PMC8803484.

【30】Carr AC, Maggini S. Vitamin C and Immune Function. Nutrients. 2017 Nov 3;9(11):1211. doi: 10.3390/nu9111211. PMID: 29099763; PMCID: PMC5707683.

【31】Pullar JM, Carr AC, Vissers MCM. The Roles of Vitamin C in Skin Health. Nutrients. 2017 Aug 12;9(8):866. doi: 10.3390/nu9080866. PMID: 28805671; PMCID: PMC5579659.

【32】Carr AC, Maggini S. Vitamin C and Immune Function. Nutrients. 2017 Nov 3;9(11):1211. doi: 10.3390/nu9111211. PMID: 29099763; PMCID: PMC5707683.

【33】Carr AC, Maggini S. Vitamin C and Immune Function. Nutrients. 2017 Nov 3;9(11):1211. doi: 10.3390/nu9111211. PMID: 29099763; PMCID: PMC5707683.

【34】Carr AC, Maggini S. Vitamin C and Immune Function. Nutrients. 2017 Nov 3;9(11):1211. doi: 10.3390/nu9111211. PMID: 29099763; PMCID: PMC5707683.

【35】Miles EA, Calder PC. Effects of Citrus Fruit Juices and Their Bioactive Components on Inflammation and Immunity: A Narrative Review. Front Immunol. 2021 Jun 24;12:712608. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.712608. PMID: 34249019; PMCID: PMC8264544.

【36】Huang Z, Liu Y, Qi G, Brand D, Zheng SG. Role of Vitamin A in the Immune System. J Clin Med. 2018 Sep 6;7(9):258. doi: 10.3390/jcm7090258. PMID: 30200565; PMCID: PMC6162863.